Some of the rules of education
At what age should start raising a child? An old legend tells of a mother who asked the question to the wise, when she had to start raising their six sons, and the sage replied that she was late with your question exactly six months.
To date, the need to raise a child from the first months of life is confirmed by numerous scientific data. Essential in education are factors such as the gradual increase in time intervals of wakefulness, performance reflecting the child's brain, the early development of his analyzers (hearing, sight, etc.), as well as language development. And if not to educate your baby in the first months of his life, there is much to watch out for. You can not lose a single day for the process of education. Tolstoy emphasized: "From her five years to me is only a step. And from newborn to five years - a terrible distance. "
Psychologists believe that intellectual development is half the age of the first 3-4 years of life. If education in this period is missing, or the inevitable delay in the development of the brain, or the formation of bad habits that create a negative picture of the child's behavior.
Task of raising children of the second and third year of life stem from the common tasks of communist education, that is, include physical, mental, moral and aesthetic education of children. Give some ready-made recipes of raising a child can not, because much depends on the individual (typological) characteristics of children, the environment, the child's experience of the past, habits formed in his earlier, the state of his health. However, there are a number of general pedagogical rules that parents must follow. Let us consider some of them.
The baby must be handled smoothly and quietly. Children easily transmitted minded parents. Loud, angry shout child's father or mother quickly excite him - there are tears, baby starts to act up. Sudden movements, "pulling" of the child with dressing, washing or lying down to sleep leads to the fact that he refuses to carry out assignments adults, becomes irritable. That's why parents in any situation should be maintained smooth and relaxed attitude to the child, to avoid the "emotional distress", irritable tone, etc.
Unity education. Do you have some experience of raising a child. Do you know how to feed him, as put to sleep, how to calm, entertain, etc.
Child adapts easily to the environment, if the parents used his usual ways of dealing with it. Any change in familiar educational methods or use new and yet incomprehensible to the child rights violated its habits and behavior causes imbalance. For example, the child used to go to sleep in the stroller on the street. Try to put him at the same time at home in bed - you will experience some difficulties. Or the child is accustomed to sitting at their table, and now you want to feed him, set him on his knee - most likely the baby refuses to eat.
Changes in the methods of education can be made only in accordance with the age of the child when it is necessary to present new demands: to eat, to undress yourself, etc. In this case, changes in educational methods do not cause undesirable changes in behavior, because they are made on the basis of acquired, new skills of the child .
The concept of "unity of education" than unity methods of pedagogical methods, also includes the unity of approach to the child from all adults involved in his upbringing. My mom and dad, grandparents, and so on must be complete consistency in the approach to the child, the presentation of certain requirements. Only such unity adult family members in their views on child education can provide education had persistent positive skills, balance behavior.
If mom prohibits "touching clock", and the Pope allowed the "take, play, boy," that in this case, the baby will never be formed clarity of perception of such an important thing as a "can do" - "no". In such a system of improper upbringing the child quickly understand: you can behave in the same situation in different ways - it is important to just who is present at the same time, the father or mother? Neglect of education limiting concepts form such traits in the character of the child, as stubbornness, negativism, irritability. Parents must be aware of what can cause this playful replacement "impossible" to "possible."
Thus, the common tactic in education, full coherence in the actions of all members of the family - an important pedagogical requirements. Remember that your child at this age more responsive, intelligent and clever than people think sometimes some parents.
Your call-law. There is another "magic" word, it is necessary in the process of education - "right."
Correct and appropriate response of the child to the word "should" is produced only when the parents are at this age are taught the kid necessarily fulfill their requests or demands.
Is very important to make your claim has been substantiated and coincided with the desire of the child or his need. For example, you say, "you should sleep" - when the baby lying down in the allotted time for him, or "go for a walk," when really it is time to walk.
Besides the conditions necessary for the development of children's responses to the word "must" requirements adults must be feasible for him. Too much for young children (1-3 years) are the parents of these requirements, how to sit quietly for a long time, or expect anything. Are immobile child at this age is not. The ability to "wait", "sit", and so it is necessary to exercise gradually. It is formed at a later age, after three years.
Further, each time, you need to make sure that your child is instructed fulfilled. And if all your proposal to do something the child will be required to answer it is executed, it will form a habit to behave in accordance with the request of a adult. But this is nothing else than obedience. How nice to hear a description of "what an obedient child!" With such a child is easy for parents and caregivers.
Development of independence. If a kid is drawn to the subject, which attracted his attention, interested in (eg, toys), and, finally, takes the subject himself, without the help of adults - he is happy, feels satisfaction "of their independent action. Such actions of the child should be encouraged (" here great that he took "), it is even more strengthen his craving for independence.
It also happens that the kid in the same situation signals - "can not", "no" and asked to help adults "give-give-give." Still, do not rush to his rescue, and the words try to induce him to act independently. "You have a great, get yourself, try." Try to ensure that the child has made himself what he could not. At the initial stage, you can discreetly help him bring the case to a positive result, to secure the confidence in their abilities.
That way you are building your child need to autonomy, the ability to overcome difficulties.
Can you be a role model? Usually in 2 to 3 years of age children tend to imitate the actions of adults: kids in the game depict actions of mother, father, grandparents, doctors, etc. They "feed" and "treat" dolls, "prepare" dinner, "read" the book . Nice to see if the child's actions are imitative of the positive performance of the rules. And if not? Whom to blame? Of course adults. It is in their behavior, he saw, and then reproduced the negative. A child's ability to imitate is very useful for the proper education, since it is mainly based on learning the necessary skills and habits.
Mimicking the actions of adults, children learn a lot there gently, fold your clothes, clean shoes, collect toys. In the future, many hygiene skills, manners cultural behavior children are looking at similar actions seniors.
Parents must always remember that their behavior pursues attentive children's eyes, and to behave accordingly. It is also necessary to pay attention to the child to all the positive actions that take place before his eyes. Educational influence preferably accompanied by verbal explanations and aggressively promote positive forms of retaliatory actions of the child.
Voice installation. Parents need to know that the child is easier to enforce any action, if at first he say about it, that is, to create a preset, a positive disposition to perform this action. For example, "We'll go for a walk, at first it is necessary to dress" - and the child will be happy to pull the clothes themselves. Or "Who is going to eat, but you first need to wash your hands." Such phrases adults warn whims of the child. He understands that it is "difficult" (dressing, washing hands, etc.) is done in order to then come "pleasant" (walk, great food, and so on). These words create a willingness to be a particular action and cause the child to stick with it.
The most common mistakes in education. These include frequent, unmotivated prohibitions "breakdown installation," the lack of stability in the mode of the day. These provisions are physiologically based, as psychophysiological characteristics caused the child's body. Why are harmful frequent prohibitions? Odergivaniya, all sorts of "no" cause an inhibitory state of the child. Age the same properties of the nervous system is such that can not provide long-term immobility. This leads to an over-voltage and a nervous breakdown kid: he is excited, screaming, crying, stomping his feet, drops to the floor, etc.
Another subtlety. Barring something baby, you say "do not do", "do not touch", "do not wait" and so on, that is, different words with negative particle "not". However, the nature of speech perception of adult child - because the baby just learned to understand it - he always picks up this short particle "not" and often hears of "do", "touch", "pull", etc., you did wrong, if will all allow a child, or, conversely, to forbid. The child must know the distinctions between "can" and "can not."
But the prohibitions in this age should be few. It is advisable to arrange a place waking baby so that in the surrounding environment was as much as possible of what is permitted than blocking.
And what is "the failure of the installation?" Let's imagine the following situation: the girl intently playing with a doll, wraps her in a blanket. A mother once, she hurries and requires the daughter, so that she immediately began to dress. That is a dramatic violation of child centered activities is the "failure of the installation." Child is fully captured the game ("set"). Suddenly the game abruptly breaks immediately comply mother. In this case, clear the protest and resistance to the child's crying - after all this is because it is impossible to switch to another activity. If such wrong practices with a "breakdown settings" are used frequently, the child assigned a negative attitude to the proposals and demands of adults.
Switching activity of the child from one activity to another without disturbing the installation needs to be skillfully - first words, if the child understands it, and then show what he has to do. This method of switching attracts baby and raises its interest in a new occupation.
Sharp and often impossible to change the mode of the day the child. Normal conditions of life relatively constant (environment, home furnishings, etc.). The main components of the daily routine: sleep, waking and feeding, alternating almost always in the same sequence. In this case, the child has certain stable fixed habits that are important to his life. If the sequence of events of the day suddenly disrupted (guests come, changing time of feeding or sleeping, leaving the country and so on), then, as a rule, change the child's behavior: there stubbornness, crying, moods, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances.
To avoid these effects, we recommend to avoid frequent and significant changes in the conditions of life.
In
cases of a change of scene (moving, enrolling in pre-school, etc.), try
not to change drastically the existing habits of the child. You can not make his life a lot at once. Of course, it can and should diversify, but gradually, to the extent permitted endurance age child nervous system. In each case, you can get advice in the study of children's healthy baby clinic.
It is strictly forbidden to intimidate the child, to deceive him, to use physical punishment. Sometimes you can hear the mother, urging the kid says "eat more, and that the Pope will give." Such thoughtless words can shape the character of the child greed. You can not blame him too often: "What are you stupid", "what are you up to a stubborn," "do not know how," etc.
Child misbehaves. Many parents are lost and do not know how to deal with the baby if he is naughty.
The most common technique, which is probably used by many - a method of distraction. The younger the child, the easier it is to distract attention from the causes of weeping moods. It helps to calm the baby, but does not bring up the correct behavior. So at a later age is better to replace the method of distraction persuasion, explanation or direct training.
What if the baby is crying: sorry, punish or ignore his crying? In this case the choice of method of training will depend on the cause of the appearance of tears, a finding of guilt of the child and other circumstances.
For what and how to punish a child? There can be no single answer. In addressing this issue in a particular case, the parents have to help hold the answer to the love of her baby, a desire to bring his best qualities of character, to protect it from future errors.
If adults are paying a lot of attention and affection the child, then it may be sufficient "stern look at ordinary kindness", as Belinsky. Condemning bad behavior of the child is to refuse to talk or play with him. It is important that methods of punishment related to the nature of the child bad deed. For example, the kid broke a toy or break a book - in this case, it must be said, how bad he went and prohibit him from using this toy or book.
Better just to properly raise a child, forming it as many positive behaviors than to rehabilitate, to break stereotypes.
At what age should start raising a child? An old legend tells of a mother who asked the question to the wise, when she had to start raising their six sons, and the sage replied that she was late with your question exactly six months.
To date, the need to raise a child from the first months of life is confirmed by numerous scientific data. Essential in education are factors such as the gradual increase in time intervals of wakefulness, performance reflecting the child's brain, the early development of his analyzers (hearing, sight, etc.), as well as language development. And if not to educate your baby in the first months of his life, there is much to watch out for. You can not lose a single day for the process of education. Tolstoy emphasized: "From her five years to me is only a step. And from newborn to five years - a terrible distance. "
Psychologists believe that intellectual development is half the age of the first 3-4 years of life. If education in this period is missing, or the inevitable delay in the development of the brain, or the formation of bad habits that create a negative picture of the child's behavior.
Task of raising children of the second and third year of life stem from the common tasks of communist education, that is, include physical, mental, moral and aesthetic education of children. Give some ready-made recipes of raising a child can not, because much depends on the individual (typological) characteristics of children, the environment, the child's experience of the past, habits formed in his earlier, the state of his health. However, there are a number of general pedagogical rules that parents must follow. Let us consider some of them.
The baby must be handled smoothly and quietly. Children easily transmitted minded parents. Loud, angry shout child's father or mother quickly excite him - there are tears, baby starts to act up. Sudden movements, "pulling" of the child with dressing, washing or lying down to sleep leads to the fact that he refuses to carry out assignments adults, becomes irritable. That's why parents in any situation should be maintained smooth and relaxed attitude to the child, to avoid the "emotional distress", irritable tone, etc.
Unity education. Do you have some experience of raising a child. Do you know how to feed him, as put to sleep, how to calm, entertain, etc.
Child adapts easily to the environment, if the parents used his usual ways of dealing with it. Any change in familiar educational methods or use new and yet incomprehensible to the child rights violated its habits and behavior causes imbalance. For example, the child used to go to sleep in the stroller on the street. Try to put him at the same time at home in bed - you will experience some difficulties. Or the child is accustomed to sitting at their table, and now you want to feed him, set him on his knee - most likely the baby refuses to eat.
Changes in the methods of education can be made only in accordance with the age of the child when it is necessary to present new demands: to eat, to undress yourself, etc. In this case, changes in educational methods do not cause undesirable changes in behavior, because they are made on the basis of acquired, new skills of the child .
The concept of "unity of education" than unity methods of pedagogical methods, also includes the unity of approach to the child from all adults involved in his upbringing. My mom and dad, grandparents, and so on must be complete consistency in the approach to the child, the presentation of certain requirements. Only such unity adult family members in their views on child education can provide education had persistent positive skills, balance behavior.
If mom prohibits "touching clock", and the Pope allowed the "take, play, boy," that in this case, the baby will never be formed clarity of perception of such an important thing as a "can do" - "no". In such a system of improper upbringing the child quickly understand: you can behave in the same situation in different ways - it is important to just who is present at the same time, the father or mother? Neglect of education limiting concepts form such traits in the character of the child, as stubbornness, negativism, irritability. Parents must be aware of what can cause this playful replacement "impossible" to "possible."
Thus, the common tactic in education, full coherence in the actions of all members of the family - an important pedagogical requirements. Remember that your child at this age more responsive, intelligent and clever than people think sometimes some parents.
Your call-law. There is another "magic" word, it is necessary in the process of education - "right."
Correct and appropriate response of the child to the word "should" is produced only when the parents are at this age are taught the kid necessarily fulfill their requests or demands.
Is very important to make your claim has been substantiated and coincided with the desire of the child or his need. For example, you say, "you should sleep" - when the baby lying down in the allotted time for him, or "go for a walk," when really it is time to walk.
Besides the conditions necessary for the development of children's responses to the word "must" requirements adults must be feasible for him. Too much for young children (1-3 years) are the parents of these requirements, how to sit quietly for a long time, or expect anything. Are immobile child at this age is not. The ability to "wait", "sit", and so it is necessary to exercise gradually. It is formed at a later age, after three years.
Further, each time, you need to make sure that your child is instructed fulfilled. And if all your proposal to do something the child will be required to answer it is executed, it will form a habit to behave in accordance with the request of a adult. But this is nothing else than obedience. How nice to hear a description of "what an obedient child!" With such a child is easy for parents and caregivers.
Development of independence. If a kid is drawn to the subject, which attracted his attention, interested in (eg, toys), and, finally, takes the subject himself, without the help of adults - he is happy, feels satisfaction "of their independent action. Such actions of the child should be encouraged (" here great that he took "), it is even more strengthen his craving for independence.
It also happens that the kid in the same situation signals - "can not", "no" and asked to help adults "give-give-give." Still, do not rush to his rescue, and the words try to induce him to act independently. "You have a great, get yourself, try." Try to ensure that the child has made himself what he could not. At the initial stage, you can discreetly help him bring the case to a positive result, to secure the confidence in their abilities.
That way you are building your child need to autonomy, the ability to overcome difficulties.
Can you be a role model? Usually in 2 to 3 years of age children tend to imitate the actions of adults: kids in the game depict actions of mother, father, grandparents, doctors, etc. They "feed" and "treat" dolls, "prepare" dinner, "read" the book . Nice to see if the child's actions are imitative of the positive performance of the rules. And if not? Whom to blame? Of course adults. It is in their behavior, he saw, and then reproduced the negative. A child's ability to imitate is very useful for the proper education, since it is mainly based on learning the necessary skills and habits.
Mimicking the actions of adults, children learn a lot there gently, fold your clothes, clean shoes, collect toys. In the future, many hygiene skills, manners cultural behavior children are looking at similar actions seniors.
Parents must always remember that their behavior pursues attentive children's eyes, and to behave accordingly. It is also necessary to pay attention to the child to all the positive actions that take place before his eyes. Educational influence preferably accompanied by verbal explanations and aggressively promote positive forms of retaliatory actions of the child.
Voice installation. Parents need to know that the child is easier to enforce any action, if at first he say about it, that is, to create a preset, a positive disposition to perform this action. For example, "We'll go for a walk, at first it is necessary to dress" - and the child will be happy to pull the clothes themselves. Or "Who is going to eat, but you first need to wash your hands." Such phrases adults warn whims of the child. He understands that it is "difficult" (dressing, washing hands, etc.) is done in order to then come "pleasant" (walk, great food, and so on). These words create a willingness to be a particular action and cause the child to stick with it.
The most common mistakes in education. These include frequent, unmotivated prohibitions "breakdown installation," the lack of stability in the mode of the day. These provisions are physiologically based, as psychophysiological characteristics caused the child's body. Why are harmful frequent prohibitions? Odergivaniya, all sorts of "no" cause an inhibitory state of the child. Age the same properties of the nervous system is such that can not provide long-term immobility. This leads to an over-voltage and a nervous breakdown kid: he is excited, screaming, crying, stomping his feet, drops to the floor, etc.
Another subtlety. Barring something baby, you say "do not do", "do not touch", "do not wait" and so on, that is, different words with negative particle "not". However, the nature of speech perception of adult child - because the baby just learned to understand it - he always picks up this short particle "not" and often hears of "do", "touch", "pull", etc., you did wrong, if will all allow a child, or, conversely, to forbid. The child must know the distinctions between "can" and "can not."
But the prohibitions in this age should be few. It is advisable to arrange a place waking baby so that in the surrounding environment was as much as possible of what is permitted than blocking.
And what is "the failure of the installation?" Let's imagine the following situation: the girl intently playing with a doll, wraps her in a blanket. A mother once, she hurries and requires the daughter, so that she immediately began to dress. That is a dramatic violation of child centered activities is the "failure of the installation." Child is fully captured the game ("set"). Suddenly the game abruptly breaks immediately comply mother. In this case, clear the protest and resistance to the child's crying - after all this is because it is impossible to switch to another activity. If such wrong practices with a "breakdown settings" are used frequently, the child assigned a negative attitude to the proposals and demands of adults.
Switching activity of the child from one activity to another without disturbing the installation needs to be skillfully - first words, if the child understands it, and then show what he has to do. This method of switching attracts baby and raises its interest in a new occupation.
Sharp and often impossible to change the mode of the day the child. Normal conditions of life relatively constant (environment, home furnishings, etc.). The main components of the daily routine: sleep, waking and feeding, alternating almost always in the same sequence. In this case, the child has certain stable fixed habits that are important to his life. If the sequence of events of the day suddenly disrupted (guests come, changing time of feeding or sleeping, leaving the country and so on), then, as a rule, change the child's behavior: there stubbornness, crying, moods, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances.
To avoid these effects, we recommend to avoid frequent and significant changes in the conditions of life.
In
cases of a change of scene (moving, enrolling in pre-school, etc.), try
not to change drastically the existing habits of the child. You can not make his life a lot at once. Of course, it can and should diversify, but gradually, to the extent permitted endurance age child nervous system. In each case, you can get advice in the study of children's healthy baby clinic.It is strictly forbidden to intimidate the child, to deceive him, to use physical punishment. Sometimes you can hear the mother, urging the kid says "eat more, and that the Pope will give." Such thoughtless words can shape the character of the child greed. You can not blame him too often: "What are you stupid", "what are you up to a stubborn," "do not know how," etc.
Child misbehaves. Many parents are lost and do not know how to deal with the baby if he is naughty.
The most common technique, which is probably used by many - a method of distraction. The younger the child, the easier it is to distract attention from the causes of weeping moods. It helps to calm the baby, but does not bring up the correct behavior. So at a later age is better to replace the method of distraction persuasion, explanation or direct training.
What if the baby is crying: sorry, punish or ignore his crying? In this case the choice of method of training will depend on the cause of the appearance of tears, a finding of guilt of the child and other circumstances.
For what and how to punish a child? There can be no single answer. In addressing this issue in a particular case, the parents have to help hold the answer to the love of her baby, a desire to bring his best qualities of character, to protect it from future errors.
If adults are paying a lot of attention and affection the child, then it may be sufficient "stern look at ordinary kindness", as Belinsky. Condemning bad behavior of the child is to refuse to talk or play with him. It is important that methods of punishment related to the nature of the child bad deed. For example, the kid broke a toy or break a book - in this case, it must be said, how bad he went and prohibit him from using this toy or book.
Better just to properly raise a child, forming it as many positive behaviors than to rehabilitate, to break stereotypes.
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